Narrative Text

NARRATIVE TEXT

A. Pengertian Narrative Text

   Narrative Text adalah satu dari 13 jenis teks bahasa inggris (genre) yang lahir dari kalangan Narration (lihat Types Of Text) sepertihalnya Recount Text, Anecdote Text, Spoof Text dan News Items Text yang mana berfungsi untuk menceritakan kisah masa lampau dan untuk hiburan.

B. Tujuan Komunikatif Narrative Text

     Tujuan Komunikatif Narrative Text seperti yang dijelaskan di atas adalah “The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story” (untuk menghibur pendengar atau pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita) masa lampau yang bertalian dengan  khayal atau peristiwa-peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu penyelesaian.

C. Generic Structure Narrative Text

    Setiap jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) memiliki struktur teksnya sendiri-sendiri. Struktur dari Narrative Text terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu :

• Orientation: Pada bagian Orientation atau pengenalan berisi tentang pengenalan tokoh dalam cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya.
• Complication: Pada bagian Complication berisi tentang gambaran munculnya krisis atau masalah yang di alami oleh tokoh pada cerita tersebut yang harus dipecahkan.
• Resolution: Pada bagian Resolution berisi tentang bagaiman tokoh dari cerita tersebut memecahkan masalah yang ada pada bagian Complication. Biasanya terdapat lebih dari satu Resolution untuk satu Complication.

    Pada beberapa referensi tentang Narrative Text, terdapat tambahan generic structure pada Narrative Text, yaitu penambahan reorientation setelah Resoultion. Jadi susunan Narrative text adalah Orientiation, Complication, Resolution dan reorientation. reorientation adalah bagian terakhir dari structure Narrative Text yang berisi perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita tersebut.

D. Ciri Kebahasan Narrative Text

     Pada Narrative Text, terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri antara lain sebagai berikut :

• Mengunakan Action Verb dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya : Climbed, Turned, Brought, dsb.
• Menggunakan Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya : the king, the queen, dsb.
• Menggunakan Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : long black hair, two red apples, dsb.
• Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian. Misalnya : then, before, after, soon, dsb.
• Menggunakan Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dsb.

E. Jenis Jenis Narrative Text

1. Folktale (cerita rakyat)

2. Legend (legenda)

3. Myth (mitos)

4. Fable (dongeng binatang)

5. Short Story (cerita pendek hkhayalan)

F. Contoh Narrative Text

    Banyak sudah contoh mengenai Narrative Text yang telah dibuat, anda bisa melihatnya di Cerita Rakyat Bahasa Inggris Se-Dunia. Tapi untuk lebih afdolnya, penulis hadirkan contoh Narrative Text sebagai berikut beserta contoh analisis berdasarkan struktur yang sudah dibahas sebelumnya.

Snow White

Orientation

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.

(Suatu ketika, hiduplah seorang gadis bernama Snow White. Dia tinggal bersama paman dan bibinya, karena orangtuanya telah meninggal.)

Complication 1

One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White. (Suatu hari dia mendengar paman dan bibinya berbicara tentang rencana meninggalkan istana karena mereka berdua ingin pergi ke Ameria dan mereka tidak mempunyai cukup uang untuk membawa serta Snow White.)

Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods. (Snow White tidak ingin paman dan bibinya melakukan hal tersebut, sehingga dia memutuskan akan lebih baik jika dia pergi. Pagi harinya dia pergi dari rumah ketika paman dan bibi nya sedang sarapan. Dia lari ke dalam hutan.)

Resolution 1

Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep. (Kemudian dia melihat gubuk kecil. Dia mengetuk pintu tetapi tidak ada yang menjawab sehingga dia masuk dan merasa ngantuk.)

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.” (Sementara itu, tujuh kurcaci telah pulang dari pekerjaannya. Mereka masuk. Di sana mereka menemukan Snow White tertidur. Kemudian Snow White terbangun. Dia melihat kurcaci tersebut. Kurcaci tersebut berkata “Siapa nama kamu?” Snow White menjawab, “Nama saya Snow White.”)

Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and finally Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after. (Doc, salah satu dari kurcaci tersebut berkata, “Jika kamu mau, kamu bisa tinggal di sini bersama kami.” Snow White berkata, “Oh, bolehkah? Terima kasih.” Kemudian Snow White menceritakan semua kisahnya dan akhirnya Snow White dan 7 kurcaci hidup bahagian selamanya.)

A. Story 1

Cinderella

      Far from the city, there lived a beautiful girl called Cinderella. She had two ugly step sisters and a stepmother. They were very unkind and they always asked her to do all the hard work. One day, a special invitation arrived at Cinderella's house. It was from the royal palace. The king's only son was a handsome prince and he was going to have a grand ball. Cinderella knew she would not be allowed to gone to the ball.

      When the day of the ball came, poor Cinderella had to help  her sisters put on their expensive new dresses. As soon as they had gone, Cinderella sat down near the furnace

      "Oh I wish I could go to the ball".

      The next moment, a lovely old lady with a silver wand in her hand suddenly came to her.

      "Cinderella, I am your fairy godmother and you shall go to the ball”.

      “I really want it, but how is it possible?. I have no dresses, and the party must have been started already” replied Cinderella.

      “I can help you sweetheart, But first you must go to the garden and pick a golden pumpkin, then bring me six mice, a rat and six lizards”.

      Cinderella took them all from her garden. Then, the fairy godmother touched them with her magic wand and the pumpkin became a golden coach, the mice became six grey horses, the rat became a coachman with his strange moustache, and the lizards became six footmen who  dressed in green and yellow, then the fairy godmother touched Cinderella with the wand and her old dress became a golden sparkling dress with jewels around it, while on her feet was the prettiest pair of glass slippers ever seen. Cinderella had been already for the ball, but before she / left the fairy godmother warned her to leave the ball before the twelve o’clock because at midnight the magic would ends. Cinderella thanked to the fairy and she went to the ball.

      When Cinderella arrived at the ball she looked so beautiful. People in the ball wondered  who she was, even his ugly sisters. The Prince of course asked her to dance with him and they danced all evening. Cinderella  was enjoying the ball so much that she almost forgot her fairy godmothers warning. The clock began to strike so she hurried out of the ballroom. She left the prince alone. She did not realize that her glass slippers fell off. On the way home, the magic vanished. On her home, she waited her stepfamily and sat quietly near the furnace. She thought of the moment that was just happened.

      On the different place, the prince tried to follows Cinderella and he found the glass slipper.

      "I shall marry the beautiful girl whose foot fits this slipper”. He said.

       In the morning the prince and his guardians went from house to house with the glass slipper. Every young lady tried to use it, but it did not fit any of them.

      At last the prince came to Cinderella's house. First one ugly sister tried to fit the slipper. But her foot was too wide and fat. Then the other ugly sister tried it but her foot was too long and thin. Cinderella just stood under the stair, she really wanted to try it but her stepmother prohibited her.

      “Please, let me try it” Said Cinderella.

      “How can the slipper fit on you?. Even You did not go to the ball!" Said the ugly sisters.

      The prince stopped their discussion and let Cinderella try the slipper. It fit perfectly. The next moment the fairy godmother suddenly came. She touched Cinderella with the magic wand and her dress turned into the dress which she used when she was in the ball. Her step family was  so surprised. They looked so nervous and regretful. Then the prince asked Cinderella to marry him. Finally, they lived happily ever after.

B. Story 2

Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih

      In a small village far from the city, there was a beautiful girl called Bawang Putih. When she  was just a kid her mother was dead because of her sickness. After the tragedy, she lived in a very sad condition. She always cried for her lovely mother. Her father was just the same, but he did not want his only daughter suffered all of his lifetime. Then He married to a widow who lived near his house. The widow had a daughter, her name was Bawang Merah. Bawang Putih’s father thought that would make his daughter happy again.

      After the marriage, his father was dead. Then her step family turned into something different. They showed their actual attitude and hatred to her, especially her stepsisters Bawang Merah. they always asked Cinderella to do all the hard work. One day, her stepmother asked her to wash the clothes in the river. Accidentally, her mother's clothes were washed away by the river. She was really worried so she walked along the riverside to find the clothes. Finally she met an old woman. She said that she kept the clothes and would have given them back to Bawang Putih if she had helped the old woman do the house work.

      Bawang Putih helped her happily. After everything was finished, the old woman returned the clothes. She also gave Bawang Putih a gift. The old woman had two pumpkins, one pumpkin was small and the other one was bigger. Bawang Putih had to choose one. Bawang Putih was not a greedy girl. So she took the small one. After thanking the old woman, Bawang Putih went home.

      When she arrived home, her stepmother and Bawang Merah were  angry. They had been  waiting for her all day long. Then, Bawang Putih explained her experiences about the clothes, the old woman, and the pumpkin. Her mother was really angry so she grabbed the pumpkin and smashed it to the floor. After that, they were surprised. Inside the pumpkin they found so many jewelries.

      "Bawang Merah, hurry up. Go to the river and throw my clothes into the water. After that, find the old woman. Remember, you have to take the big pumpkin," the stepmother asked Bawang Merah to do exactly the same as Bawang Putih's did.

      Bawang Merah immediately went to the river. She threw the clothes and pretended to searched them. Then, she met the old woman. she asked the same question to Bawang Merah but she refused and asked the old woman to give her a big pumpkin. The old woman gave her the big one. Bawang Merah was so happy. She ran very fast. When she arrived home, her mother was impatient. She directly smashed the pumpkin to the floor. They were screaming loudly. There were a lot of snakes inside the pumpkin. They were really scared.

      "Mom, I thought God just punished us. We have done bad things to Bawang Putih and God does not like that. We need to beg for her apology." Said Bawang Merah.

      Finally both of them realized their mistakes. They apologize to Bawang Putih and she forgave them. Now the family was not poor anymore. Bawang Putih decided to sell all the jewelries and used the money for their daily lives.

Let's try these Exercises!

The student and genie

     A young student was walking in the woods when he heard a small voice calling him. He looked all around, but could not see anyone. The voice called out again, and appear to come from the roots of an enormous oak tree. There, the student found a bottle, in which there was a tiny man who begged, “Let me out”.

     So the student removed the cork, and a cloud of smoke emerged and grew into a frightening giant.

    “I am a genie,” said the giant, and I was imprisoned in the bottle by magician. But now that I am freed, prepare to meet your end”.

     “Wait a minute,” said the young man. I don’t believe one word you have said. A giant of your size could not have really come out of that little bottle. You could never forget into it”.

     “Of course I can,” said the genie, “I’ll prove it to you”. As soon as the genie returned to the bottle, the young man replaced the cork. The next time, in order to get free, the spirit had to make a bargain with the student: not only would it refrain from killing him, but it had also to give him a dagger which turned into gold everything it touched, and healed all wounds. And afterwards, thanks to that magic dagger, the student brcame a rich and famous doctor . …

1. The type of the text above is ….

     a. narrative                          c. procedure                e. report                                 

     b. description                      d. anecdote                                                    

        

2. The characters in the text above  are ….

     a. The student and the genie          d. The magician and the student

     b. The giant and the genie              e. The doctor and the student

     c. The magician and the genie

                                              

3. The story take place in ….

     a. oak tree               c.  a bottle            e. imprisoned

     b. the woods          d. doctor’s room

  

The Princess and the Bowling Ball

    Once upon a time there was a princes. And this prince’s dad and mom (the king and queen) some how got it into their royal heads that no princess would be good enough for their boy unless she could feel a pea though one hundred mattresses.

    So it should come as no surprise that the prince had a very hard time finding a princess. Every time he met a nice girl, his mom and dad would pile one hundred mattresses on top of a pea. And then invite her to sleep over. When the princess came down for breakfast, the queen would ask, “How did you sleep?” The princess would politely say, “Fine, thank you”. And the king would saw her the door.

    Now, this is when for three years. And of course nobody ever felt the pea under one hundred mattresses. Then one day the prince met the girl of his dreams. He decided he’d better do something about it.

    That night, before the princess went to bed, the prince slipped his bowling ball under one hundred mattresses.

    When the princess came down for breakfast the next morning, the queen asked, “How did you sleep, dear?”

    “This might sound odd,” said the princes. ”But I think you need another mattress. I felt like I was sleeping on a lump as big as bowling ball.”

    The King and Queen were satisfied, and the prince and princess were married. And everyone lived happily, though maybe not completely honestly, ever after.

4.   What problem do you find in this story …..

      a.   the prince and the bowling ball

      b.   the prince had a very hard time finding a princess

      c.   no body ever felt the pea under one hundred mattresses

      d.   the prince decided he’d better do something about it

      e.   the princess felt like she was sleeping on a lump as big as a bowling ball

5.   What is the function of the text …..

      a.   to inform about the princess and the bowling ball

      b.   to describe the story of a prince’s dad and mom

      c.   to  retell the events of finding a princess

      d.   to give information how to find a princes

      e.   to entertain the reader

6.   Why did the prince slip a bowling ball under a hundred mattresses …..

      a.   the princess who slept on it felt like she was sleeping on a lump

      b.   no body ever felt the pea under one hundred mattress

      c.   the princess would he good enough for him

      d.   his dad and mom would be satisfied

      e.   the girl of his dreams one day

7.   What is the dominant structure used in the text …..

      a.   past perfect     

      b.  simple past             

      c.  present perfect 

      d. present continous

      e.   simple present

     

8.   The generic structure of the text is …..

a.   orientation–events–resolution

      b.   orientation–events–turst                     

      c.   orientation-resolution-reorientation

d.   orientation–events–reorientation

e.   orientation–reorientation-complication

 Faithful Dog

    Once there was a husband and his wife who had a baby. They had a dog named Bony. It was a very smart dog and faithful to them. The dog used to take care of the baby while were working in the rice field.
    One afternoon, while working in the field, they heard Bony barking. It was running toward them. It’s mouth smeared with blood. The husband shocked and thought that it had killed their baby. Suddenly he took his sickle and threw it to the dog. It hit the dog’s had and the dog head and the dog fell down and died.
    Hurriedly they got home and saw the baby sleeping. When the husband looked around in the baby’s room, he found a big snake lying on the floor. It was dead and blood spilled everywhere. It seemed the dog had killed the snake and the killed his faithful dog.

9.    Who was Bony? Bonny was……….
a.    the husband’s name

b.    the wife’s name    

c.    the bay’s name
d.    the dog’s name
e.    the snake’s name

10.    Why was the dog running toward the couple?
a.    because it afraid of snake
b.    because it was hurt
c.    because the dog wanted some foods.
d.    because the dog wanted to tell that something dangerous almost happened in their home.

e.    because a snake wanted to catch it.

11.    ……finally killed by the husband.

a.    the baby                d.    the dog
b.    the snake              e.    the couple
c.    the wife

12.    The snake was killed by…………………
a.    the dog                 d.    the child
b.    the husband          e.    the baby
c.    the wife

 13.    Was the baby hurt by the dog?

a.    yes, it is                            d.    no was not
b.    yes, it was            e.    no, it doesn’t
c.    no, it did

14.    “Suddenly, he took his sickle …..”(paragraph 2, sentence 5). The word suddenly has the same meaning with the word………………
a.    usually                  d.    angrily
b.    quietly                  e.    hungrily
c.    Quickly

15.    Why was the husband shocked? Because………………
a.    He thought that the dog hurt killed his baby      
b.    he was sick                                  

c.    he saw a snake
d.    he saw a dog died
e.    his wife fell down